Archive | 2017/09/12

Autobiografia Irit Amiel.

Autobiografia Irit Amiel. Panna z Częstochowy żyje w Tel Awiwie

Tadeusz Nyczek [26 sierpnia 2014 ]


foto: ARKADIUSZ SCICHOCKI

Kiedy przed 15 laty ukazał się w Polsce jej prozatorski debiut, był to czas mnożących się głosów, że Holocaust staje się maszynką do zarabiania pieniędzy. Ale jej proza była jak cichy piorun w środku gadatliwego dnia.

Jest z pokolenia Idy Fink, Miriam Akavii, Hanny Krall, Henryka Grynberga. Do literatury Holocaustu weszła najpóźniej. Kilka tomików wierszy po hebrajsku i po polsku opublikowała dopiero w latach 90., gdy już była po sześćdziesiątce. Prozę jeszcze później, pod koniec tej dekady. Kiedy w 1999 r. ukazał się w Polsce jej prozatorski debiut, cieniutki zbiorek opowiadań “Osmaleni”, trafił na czas mnożących się głosów, że Holocaust staje się maszynką do wyciskania współczucia i zarabiania pieniędzy. Ale “Osmaleni” byli jak cichy piorun w środku gadatliwego dnia.

Długo nie mogłem się otrząsnąć po tej lekturze. Irit Amiel nie pisała o umarłych na śmierć, tylko o umarłych za życia. I o tych, którzy z zachwytu, że przeżyli własną śmierć, tak dalece chcieli o wszystkim zapomnieć, że musiała im dać własny głos, by ocalić ich niewypowiedziane opowieści. Mieszkali, jak ona, już głównie w Izraelu, który dał im drugie życie. Mieli dzieci i wnuki. Z trudem znajdowali z nimi wspólny język. Uwięziona w głowach i sercach przeszłość była dziedzictwem nie do przekazania. Zresztą młodzi niekoniecznie chcieli o tym słuchać.

Dziewięć lat później ukazał się drugi, niemal bliźniaczy z “Osmalonymi” tom opowiadań “Podwójny krajobraz”. Irit Amiel przedrukowała w nim dwa teksty z poprzedniej książki, jakby podkreślając ich wzajemną więź. Ale dopiero prawdziwa autobiografia pisarki, pod zachwycającym tytułem “Życie – tytuł tymczasowy”, daje najważniejszy klucz do tamtych opowiadań.

Okazuje się mianowicie, co zresztą było nietrudne do przewidzenia, że swoją biografią Amiel obdarowała większość bohaterów obu zbiorów. Była dziewczynkami i chłopcami, kobietami i mężczyznami, otoczyła ich bliskimi z rodziny i znajomymi poznanymi w czasie życiowej tułaczki między Częstochową a Tel Awiwem. Dała im też ciała i głosy swoich ukochanych. Wśród nich rozpoznamy bez trudu tego, za którego już w Izraelu, dwudziestodwuletnia wyjdzie za mąż i z którym, dziś niemal dziewięćdziesięcioletnim i chorym na alzheimera, nadal dzieli życie.

Mało: przedrukowuje teraz w autobiografii spore fragmenty tamtych opowiadań. Czasem coś zmienia, głównie w stylistyce, przestawia akapity, coś skraca albo dopowiada. Bywa, że niemal całe opowiadanie, jak to ostatnie z “Osmalonych” – “Z izraelskiego tygla” – wkleja w autobiograficzną narrację. Efekty tych gier między sobą-nie sobą wyglądają czasem bardzo ciekawie.

“Morze zobaczyłem po raz pierwszy w życiu we Włoszech w Bugliasco w 1947 roku, zanim wspiąłem się z gumowej łodzi na pijany statek. Byłem wprost osłupiały z zachwytu. Wiedziałem przecież, że istnieją morza i oceany, nieraz widziałem je na mapie, ale tego, co zobaczyłem i usłyszałem, nie mogłem sobie wyobrazić” (“Z izraelskiego tygla”).

“Morze Śródziemne widzisz po raz pierwszy w 1947 roku w Bugliasco we Włoszech, skąd wypłynie, wyżegluje wasz pijany statek Hatikva. Ten widok to chyba dar na twoje szesnaste urodziny. A potem, już w Nowym Kraju, na wycieczce do Neibi Rubin znów patrzysz na to morze. Jesteś wprost osłupiała z zachwytu. Wiesz przecież, że istnieją morza i oceany, spędzasz nawet przed wojną wczasy z rodzicami nad szarym, zimnym Bałtykiem, ale to, co widzisz i słyszysz teraz, jest wprost niewyobrażalne” (“Życie – tytuł tymczasowy”).

Jak sama pisze, urodziła się trzy razy. Po raz pierwszy w Częstochowie, w 1931 roku. Po raz drugi w roku 1942, kiedy ojciec wypchnął ją przez szparę w częstochowskim getcie na aryjską stronę. Rodziców już nigdy nie zobaczy. Ma wtedy jedenaście lat i odtąd musi sobie dawać radę w życiu sama. Rodzi się po raz trzeci, gdy po kilku latach ukrywania się po wsiach i miastach, wędrówkach po Europie z podobnymi jej uciekinierami, pobytach w obozach dipisowskich, pod koniec 1947 roku ląduje w Palestynie. Za rok będzie to już oficjalnie Izrael. Panna z Częstochowy zostanie rybaczką, biżuterniczką, stewardesą. Wyjdzie za mąż, urodzi dwójkę dzieci, nauczy się kilku języków i na koniec zacznie pisać. Irenka Librowicz stanie się Irit Amiel.

Jeśli szukam różnic między jej pisaniem a pokrewną literaturą Holocaustu, widzę je przede wszystkim w rzadko gdzie indziej spotykanym poczuciu humoru, ironii i autoironii. I, przy całym ciężarze treści, w finezyjnej, wspaniałej lekkości stylu.

W pewnym miejscu Irit wyznaje, że nigdy nie chodziła do żadnej szkoły. Wolę nie myśleć, co mam o tym myśleć.


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First Temple-era seals with Biblical names

First Temple-era seals with Biblical names in Hebrew discovered in Jerusalem (updates)

Elder of Ziyon


I often see Arabs claim in Arabic media that there is no evidence of Jewish history in Jerusalem.

The charge is absurd because there have been hundreds of archaeological finds that prove otherwise, but mere facts aren’t important to these people.

Here are the latest stunning finds from excavations at the City of David. (This is a press release from the City of David and Israel Antiquities Authority.)

BUREAUCRACY AND CLERKS FROM THE PAST:

A collection of seals (bullae) from the late First Temple period, discovered in the City of David excavations, shed light on the bureaucracy and officials of ancient Jerusalem

A collection of seals, some of which bear ancient Hebrew inscriptions, as well as additional new findings, will be displayed to the public at the annual City of David archaeology conference taking place this week.

Who was Achiav ben Menachem? A collection of dozens of sealings, mentioning the names of officials dated to the days of the Judean kingdom prior to the Babylonian destruction, was unearthed during excavations by the Israel Antiquities Authority in the City of David National Park in the area of the walls of Jerusalem, funded by the ELAD (El Ir David) organization.

The sealings (bullae- from which the Hebrew word for stamp, “bul”, is derived) are small pieces of clay which in ancient times served as seals for letters. A letter which arrived with its seal broken was a sign that the letter had been opened before reaching its destination. Although letters did not survive the horrible fire which consumed Jerusalem at its destruction, the seals, which were made of the abovementioned material that is similar to pottery, were actually well preserved thanks to the fire, and attest to the existence of the letters and their senders.

According to Ortal Chalaf and Dr. Joe Uziel, directors of the excavation for the Israel Antiquities Authority, “In the numerous excavations at the City of David, dozens of seals were unearthed, bearing witness to the developed administration of the city in the First Temple period. The earliest seals bear mostly a series of pictures; it appears that instead of writing the names of the clerks, symbols were used to show who the signatory was, or what he was sealing. In later stages of the period – from the time of King Hezekiah (around 700 BCE) and up to the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE – the seals bear the names of clerks in early Hebrew script. Through these findings, we learn not only about the developed administrative systems in the city, but also about the residents and those who served in the civil service.”

Some of the seals bear biblical names, several of which are still used today, such as Pinchas. One particularly interesting seal mentions a man by the name of “Achiav ben Menachem.” These two names are known in the context of the Kingdom of Israel; Menachem was a king of Israel, while Achiav does not appear in the Bible, but his name resembles that of Achav (Ahab) the infamous king of Israel from the tales of the prophet Elijah. Though the spelling of the name differs somewhat, it appears to be the same name. The version of the name which appears on the seal discovered – Achav [sic, should be “Achiav” – Yoel] – appears as well in the Book of Jeremiah in the Septuagint, as well as in Flavius Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews 15: 7-8).

Chalaf and Uziel add that the appearance of the name Achiav is interesting for two main reasons. First – because it serves as further testimony to the names which are familiar to us from the kingdom of Israel in the Bible, and which appear in Judah during the period following the destruction of the kingdom of Israel. “These names are part of the evidence that after the exile of the Tribes of Israel, refugees arrived in Jerusalem from the northern kingdom, and found their way into senior positions in Jerusalem’s administration

(Yoel adds:
But as biblical scholar Gershon Galil points out

The name Menachem isn’t just typical of the kingdom of Israel – it also appears on two ostraca from Horvat Uza in Judea and also on an ostracon from the south-west part of the Judean mountains.

So I wouldn’t jump to the conclusion that Achiav ben Menachem is necessarily an Israelite and not a Judean.)

 

Furthermore, the sealings is the fact that the two names which appear on the seal- Achiav and Menachem- were names of kings of Israel. Though Achav (Ahab) is portrayed as a negative figure in the Bible, the name continues to be in use- though in a differently spelled version- both in Judea in the latter days of the First Temple, as reflected in Jeremiah and on the seal, and also after the destruction- in the Babylonian exile and up until the Second Temple period, as seen in the writings of Flavius Josephus.

The various stamps, along with other archaeological findings discovered in the recent excavations, will be exhibited to the public for the first time at the 18th City of David research conference, the annual archaeological conference held by the Megalim Institute, on September 7th at the City of David National Park.

(h/t Ze’ev Orenstein, who gave me a tour of Ir David and I feel bad for never editing and posting the video.)

 

(h/t Yoel)
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Munich Olympic terror mastermind’s drunken life in Prague

Revealed: Munich Olympic terror mastermind’s drunken life in Prague

TOI STAFF


In addition to Abu Daoud, newly declassified documents detail time spent in Czechoslovakia by arch-terrorist ‘Carlos the Jackal’

Abu Daoud, Palestinian mastermind of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre of 11 Israeli athletes. (Screen capture: YouTube)

Declassified Czechoslovakian surveillance reports have revealed details of a life of heavy drinking and instability by the Palestinian mastermind of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre in Prague under the former communist regime, and the suspicion which his hosts viewed him.

In addition to providing details of Abu Daoud’s drunken escapades in Prague, the intelligence reports, portions of which were published Friday by The Guardian, detail arch-terrorist “Carlos the Jackal’s” time in the country and how the antics of the two in the 1970s and 1980s ultimately led the Czech authorities to boot them from the country.

Daoud (real name Mohammad Daoud Oudeh), who masterminded the 1972 terror attack at the Munich Olympics in which 11 Israeli athletes were murdered, is noted in the reports for his unruly behavior and his penchant for visiting prostitutes and getting drunk.

In one instance, the East Jerusalem-born Daoud, who is referred to in the intelligence reports as “RAK,” was surveyed stepping out of Prague’s Intercontinental Hotel in a “very drunken state” after meeting with an Iraqi intelligence agent.

“At 2:50am RAK stepped out of the Intercontinental. He was bareheaded, dressed in a light brown suit, and brown shoes, not carrying any items,” one of the surveillance reports said, according to the Guardian. “RAK, with an unsteady walk and hands in his pockets, went to a vehicle parked in front of the main entrance and leaned against it breathing heavily.”

A member of the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, which killed 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team, during the 1972 Munich Olympics. (AP/Kurt Strumpf)

“The manner in which he moved suggested that he was in a very drunken state,” the report added.

In light of Carlos and Daoud’s involvement in terror, their Czechoslovakian hosts were wary of their guests and sought to get them to leave the country.

After being ordered out by the secret police, Daoud was documented in one of the reports ranting over his alleged mistreatment by the Czechoslovakian authorities.

“I will never come back to Czechoslovakia,” he told a hotel employee. “And I will also tell all my friends and acquaintances to look for another state to operate in. I am a decent person and I have never experienced such treatment anywhere in the world.”

This combination of file pictures created on March 28, 2017 shows (L-R) a portrait of Venezuelan terrorist Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, also known as “Carlos the Jackal,” taken in the early 1970’s; Ramirez arriving to face trial at the Palais de Justice in Paris on March 7, 2001; and Ramirez arriving at the Criminal Court of the Palais de Justice in Paris on December 9, 2013. (AFP)

The Czechoslovakians were also later able to rid themselves of Carlos the Jackal, a Venezuela native whose real name is Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, who left the country after being falsely told by the secret police that the French intelligence services had sent a team to kill him, according to The Guardian.

In one of the reports, the Czechoslovakian secret police describe how Ramirez ran around a hotel with a revolver after being locked out of his room.

“Between 18:00 and 19:00 BAK had, most probably by accident, locked himself out of his room. As he was unable to get back into his room he went to see the director of the hotel,” the report said, referring to Ramirez as “BAK.”

“He was running around with a gun in his hand – first up and down the hallways and later on in his room,” it continued. “This was a larger revolver. BAK was furious. His room was unlocked with a special key.”

read more: Munich Olympic terror…


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