Archive | 2018/08/11

Historyk w SZ: Nikt nie chwycił za broń w obronie Żydów

Historyk w SZ: Nikt nie chwycił za broń w obronie Żydów

Jacek Lepiarz


Niemiecki historyk Stephan Lehnstaedt uważa, że powstanie w Treblince zadaje kłam tezie o rzekomej bierności Żydów wobec Holokaustu. Pyta, dlaczego nikt inny nie chwycił za broń w ich obronie.

Pomnik Ofiar Obozu Zagłady w Treblince

„Blisko 900 tys. zabitych. Mniej niż stu przeżyło. Oto bilans obozu zagłady Treblinka, w którym Niemcy od lata 1942 roku do jesieni 1943 roku mordowali Żydów z Polski” – pisze Lehnstaedt w materiale opublikowanym w „Sueddeutsche Zeitung” (SZ). Mniej niż stu nadzorców, wykorzystując spaliny z silnika, zabijało przeciętnie 2000 osób dziennie. „Morderstwo na skalę masową było proste i brutalnie wydajne: kto jako Żyd przekraczał próg obozu, ten nie miał prawa wyjść z niego żywy” – zaznacza historyk.

Lehnstaedt opisuje bunt więźniów 2 sierpnia 1943 roku. Jak podkreśla, z 800 przebywających w tym dniu w obozie Żydów tylko 250 udało się uciec do pobliskiego lasu. Żaden z esesmanów nie zginął, jedynie dwie osoby z formacji pomocniczej składającej się z wziętych do niewoli czerwonoarmistów straciło życie. Komora gazowa pozostała nienaruszona i dwa tygodnie po powstaniu, Niemcy znów uśmiercali w niej więźniów – czytamy w SZ. 

Czy powstanie było fiaskiem?

Czy powstanie należy uznać za fiasko? A może było ono ważnym symbolem zadającym kłam tezie, że „Żydzi szli na rzeź pokornie jak owce”? – pyta Lehnstaedt. Jego zdaniem żadna z tych tez nie jest słuszna. „W rzeczywistości chodziło o to, aby przeżyć” – pisze historyk.  Dyskusja o pasywnej postawie Żydów, tocząca się obecnie przede wszystkim w Izraelu, jest jego zdaniem absurdalna. „Aby przeżyć, trzeba było być cały czas aktywnym. Żydzi nie dawali się pasywnie mordować. Sprzeciwiali się cały czas niemieckiej polityce zagłady. Samo życie było aktem oporu” – pisze Lehnstaedt.

Kobiety i mężczyźni w Treblince nie mieli żadnego wsparcia z zewnątrz, nie posiadali też – w przeciwieństwie do uczestników powstania w Sobiborze – żadnych umiejętności wojskowych. Te okoliczności nie deprecjonują powstania, wręcz przeciwnie pokazują, że „nawet w piekle obozu zagłady możliwa była wśród zwykłych ludzi wola przeżycia i działania”.

Co robili inni?

Powstanie w Treblince uzmysławia wszystkim Nie-Żydom moralny dylemat Holokaustu: „Co wtedy zrobili?” „Jeżeli wyczerpani, nieuzbrojeni i prześladowani więźniowie Treblinki mogli walczyć przeciwko ludobójstwu, dlaczego nie zdecydował się na to nikt inny? W Europie istniały oczywiście różne formy ruchu oporu, nie były one jednak skierowane przeciwko Szoah. Nikt poza Żydami nie chwycił za broń w obronie Żydów” – czytamy w SZ.

Lehnstaedt przyznaje, że istnieli ludzie pomagający Żydom, ukrywający ich, zaopatrujący ich w żywność. Pomagający byli jednak sami prześladowani, a często denuncjowali ich rodacy. „Niemiecka okupacja była tak przygniatająca, że ucieczkę z Treblinki przeżyło tylko ok. 50 osób” – podkreśla.

 Dyskusja o pomocy i kolaboracji

„Polacy dyskutują od kilku lat bardzo emocjonalnie o własnej roli w Holokauście – o ratowaniu Żydów i o kolaboracji. Ta polaryzacja między dwoma skrajnymi stanowiskami nie uwzględnia wielu pośrednich tonów pomiędzy bohaterstwem a zbrodnią” – pisze Lehnstaedt. Zastrzegając, że badania jeszcze trwają, historyk sugeruje, że mniej niż jeden procent Polaków będzie można jednoznacznie zakwalifikować do jednej bądź drugiej grupy. Dyskusja o konformizmie i bierności wobec bezprawia jest ważna dla społeczeństwa – uważa autor.

Dlaczego Niemcy nie sprzeciwiali się?

W Niemczech dyskusja na ten temat nie toczy się – ubolewa Lehnstaedt. Fakt, że Niemcy byli sprawcami Holokaustu, nie podlega dyskusji, ale implikacje tego nikogo nie interesują. „Co to oznacza, gdy cały naród niemiecki przyglądał się, akceptował, a nawet brał udział w ludobójstwie? I dlaczego mniej niż jeden promil tych ludzi sprzeciwiał się lub choćby po cichu pomagał Żydom? W przeciwieństwie do wielu milionów nieżydowskich Europejczyków, bohaterki i bohaterzy z Treblinki zagrożeni zagładą musieli działać, gdyż nikt inny tego nie zrobił – pisze Lehnstaedt.    

Powstanie było jego zdaniem jednym z największych i najbardziej robiących wrażenie wydarzeń w historii Holokaustu – ocenia historyk. „Żydzi nie byli tylko przedmiotami zagłady, działali jako osoby, jako podmiot własnej historii. Byli jednak sami. Warto zastanowić się nad tym, nie tylko w 75. rocznicę powstania w Treblince” – pisze w konkluzji Lehnstaedt.

Obszerne materiały o rocznicy powstania ukazały się też w dzienniku „Die Welt” oraz w głównym wydaniu wiadomości pierwszego programu niemieckiej telewizji publicznej ARD.   


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Corbyn’s wreath at Munich terrorists’ graves..

Corbyn’s wreath at Munich terrorists’ graves…

EMINE SIMNAZ


Corbyn’s wreath at Munich terrorists’ graves: Photos show Labour leader at tribute event for Palestine ‘martyrs’… including plotters behind 1972 slaughter of Israeli Olympic athletes

  • Jeremy Corbyn seen holding wreath at tribute for Palestine ‘martyrs’ in 2014
  • Labour leader is just feet from Black September members who killed 11 Israelis
  • Corbyn insisted service was for Palestinians killed on a Tunisian PLO base in 1985
  • But Daily Mail discovers monument to the air strike victims is 15 yards away

A memorial wreath in his hand, Jeremy Corbyn stands feet from the graves of terror leaders linked to the Munich Massacre.

The picture was among a number taken during a service to honour Palestinian ‘martyrs’.

Buried in the cemetery in Tunisia are members of Black September, the terror group which massacred 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympics.

Tribute: Jeremy Corbyn pictured in 2014 holding a wreath at a cemetery in Tunis. Sources close to Mr Corbyn insisted he was at the service to commemorate 47 Palestinians killed in an Israeli air strike on a Tunisian PLO base in 1985

But on a visit to the cemetery this week, the Daily Mail discovered that the monument to the air strike victims is 15 yards from where Mr Corbyn is pictured – instead he was in front of a plaque that lies beside the graves of Black September membersBut on a visit to the cemetery this week, the Daily Mail discovered that the monument to the air strike victims is 15 yards from where Mr Corbyn is pictured – instead he was in front of a plaque that lies beside the graves of Black September members

The air strike victim's monument, containing the 47 names of Palestinians killed in 1985

The air strike victim’s monument, containing the 47 names of Palestinians killed in 1985

One picture places Mr Corbyn close to the grave of another terrorist, Atef Bseiso, intelligence chief of the Palestine Liberation Organisation.

Bseiso has also been linked to the Munich atrocity. Another image shows the Labour leader apparently joining in an Islamic prayer while by the graves.

Last night sources close to Mr Corbyn insisted he was at the service in 2014 to commemorate 47 Palestinians killed in an Israeli air strike on a Tunisian PLO base in 1985.

But on a visit to the cemetery this week, the Daily Mail discovered that the monument to the air strike victims is 15 yards from where Mr Corbyn is pictured – and in a different part of the complex.

Instead he was in front of a plaque that lies beside the graves of Black September members.

Images from the Palestinian Embassy Website archive, Jeremy Corbyn is seen in Tunisia at the Martyrs Cemetary on a hill in Hamman Chatt laying wreaths with members of a Palestinian Conference delegation

Images from the Palestinian Embassy Website archive, Jeremy Corbyn is seen in Tunisia at the Martyrs Cemetary on a hill in Hamman Chatt laying wreaths with members of a Palestinian Conference delegation

Another image shows the Labour leader apparently joining in an Islamic prayer while by the graves

Another image shows the Labour leader apparently joining in an Islamic prayer while by the graves

The plaque honours three dead men: Salah Khalaf, who founded Black September; his key aide Fakhri al-Omari; and Hayel Abdel-Hamid, PLO chief of security.

Adjacent to their graves is that of Bseiso. All were assassinated either by the Israeli secret service Mossad or rival Palestinian factions.

With his party engulfed in a row over anti-Semitism, the pictures give Mr Corbyn fresh questions to answer about his alleged sympathy for extremists.

Corbyn with Palestinian politician Mohammad Shtayyeh (second from left) and Palestinian Ambassador to France Salman Harfi (third from left)

Corbyn with Palestinian politician Mohammad Shtayyeh (second from left) and Palestinian Ambassador to France Salman Harfi (third from left)

‘It beggars belief that anyone would wish to honour the terrorists behind the brutal massacre of 11 Israeli athletes at Munich,’ said Jennifer Gerber, director of Labour Friends of Israel.

‘However, it is sadly utterly unsurprising that Jeremy Corbyn appears to have done so. Others will rightly regard it is as totally sickening.’

In other developments:

  • A video surfaced showing Mr Corbyn apparently making a direct comparison between the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Nazi occupation of Europe;
  •  A Labour ex-minister took out a full-page advert in a Jewish newspaper to lambast Mr Corbyn’s response to the anti-Semitism crisis. Jim Murphy said it had been ‘intellectually arrogant, emotionally inept and politically maladroit’;
  •  The Board of Deputies of British Jews warned Mr Corbyn to ‘come out of hiding’ and said the anti-Semitism crisis would not go away.

Mr Corbyn recorded his visit to the Tunisian cemetery – a year before he became Labour leader – in an article for the communist newspaper, the Morning Star.

He said wreaths were laid to mark the 1985 bombing but also ‘on the graves of others killed by Mossad agents’.

 

TERROR TRAIL THAT STARTED AT OLYMPICS

Sept 5, 1972

Eight Palestinian terrorists from the Black September group storm the Munich apartments where Israeli athletes are sleeping, killing two and taking nine hostage.

File photo shows a member of the Palestinian terrorist group who seized members of the Israeli Olympic team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village on September 5, 1972
File photo shows a member of the Palestinian terrorist group who seized members of the Israeli Olympic team at their quarters at the Munich Olympic Village on September 5, 1972

When the terrorists and hostages were taken by helicopter to a military airport, German sharpshooters opened fire, killing three terrorists. A gun battle claimed the lives of all nine hostages and two terrorists.

The remains of the helicopter which was used by Arab guerillas to escape from the Olympic village with 11 Israeli hostages. The helicopter was destroyed in a gun battle with German police

The remains of the helicopter which was used by Arab guerillas to escape from the Olympic village with 11 Israeli hostages. The helicopter was destroyed in a gun battle with German police

Daily Mail's coverage of the Munich Massacre a day after the helicopter was shot down, which resulted in five terrorists and all eleven athletes being killed

Daily Mail’s coverage of the Munich Massacre a day after the helicopter was shot down, which resulted in five terrorists and all eleven athletes being killed

  • Oct 1, 1985 – Israeli warplanes bomb the PLO headquarters in Hammam Chott, near Tunis, killing 47.
  • Jan 15, 1991 – PLO second-in-command Salah Khalaf, his adviser Fakhri al-Omari, and PLO security chief Hayel Abdel-Hamid are shot to death at Abdel-Hamid’s home in Tunis.
  • Jun 8, 1992 – Atef Bseiso, the PLO’s head of intelligence, is shot in Paris. It was reported he was killed because he helped to plan the Munich Massacre.
  • Sep 30, 2014 – Jeremy Corbyn attends a conference on the future of Palestine in Tunisia. It is also attended by Hamas.
  • Oct 1, 2014 – Mr Corbyn visits the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Palestine, on the outskirts of Tunis. In an article for the Morning Star about the visit, he writes: ‘Wreaths were laid at the graves of those who died on that day (at Hammam Chott) and on the graves of others killed by Mossad agents in Paris in 1991.’
  • May 28, 2017 –  The Sunday Times reports that Mr Corbyn had attended a wreath-laying ceremony at Bseiso’s grave. Mr Corbyn denies this.

He wrote: ‘After wreaths were laid at the graves of those who died on that day and on the graves of others killed by Mossad agents in Paris in 1991, we moved to the poignant statue in the main avenue of the coastal town of Ben Arous, which was festooned with Palestinian and Tunisian flags.’

There appears to be no record of Mossad having carried out an assassination in Paris in 1991. However, Khalaf, Abdul-Hamid and al-Omari were assassinated that year. Mossad is accused of killing Bseiso in Paris in 1992.

Controversy over Mr Corbyn’s visit became an issue during last year’s general election.

He insisted he was not honouring Bseiso, adding: ‘I was in Tunisia at a Palestinian conference and I spoke at that Palestinian conference and I laid a wreath to all those that had died in the air attack that took place on Tunis, on the headquarters of the Palestinian organisations there.

‘And I was accompanied by very many other people who were at a conference searching for peace. The only way we achieve peace is by bringing people together and talking to them.’

Atef Bsesio was the head of intelligence for the Palestine Liberation Organisation before his assassination outside a Paris hotel in 1992. In the years after his death, it was widely reported that he was killed because he helped to plan the Munich Massacre in 1972. On the night of his death, Bseiso returned from a late dinner with two friends to his luxury hotel in the French capital where he had registered under an assumed name. Lying in wait were two assassins, who fired three bullets into his head on a dark street Hayel Abdel-Hamid was chief of security of the Palestine Liberation Organisation. He was a close adviser to Salah Khalaf, and the pair were killed in an attack in Abdel-Hamid’s home in Tunis in 1991.

Atef Bsesio (left) was the head of intelligence for the Palestine Liberation Organisation before his assassination outside a Paris hotel in 1992. In the years after his death, it was widely reported that he was killed because he helped to plan the Munich Massacre in 1972. On the night of his death, Bseiso returned from a late dinner with two friends to his luxury hotel in the French capital where he had registered under an assumed name. Lying in wait were two assassins, who fired three bullets into his head on a dark street. Hayel Abdel-Hamid (right) was chief of security of the Palestine Liberation Organisation. He was a close adviser to Salah Khalaf, and the pair were killed in an attack in Abdel-Hamid’s home in Tunis in 1991

Salah Khalaf is widely believed to have masterminded the Munich Massacre. He created the Black September terror group which carried out the 1972 attack. Khalaf, better known by the nom de guerre Abu Iyad, went on to become Yasser Arafat’s second-in-command in the PLO. In January 1991, he was gunned down in the Tunisian capital of Tunis. FAKHRI AL-OMARI was a senior member of Black September and was also implicated in the Munich Massacre. He was a close adviser to Khalaf and was killed in the same attack in Tunis in 1991.

Salah Khalaf (left) is widely believed to have masterminded the Munich Massacre. He created the Black September terror group which carried out the 1972 attack. Khalaf, better known by the nom de guerre Abu Iyad, went on to become Yasser Arafat’s second-in-command in the PLO. In January 1991, he was gunned down in the Tunisian capital of Tunis. Fakhri Al-Omari (right) was a senior member of Black September and was also implicated in the Munich Massacre. He was a close adviser to Khalaf and was killed in the same attack in Tunis in 1991

However, the pictures obtained by the Mail – and posted on the Facebook page of the Palestinian embassy in Tunisia – directly place Mr Corbyn by the graves of Bseiso and the Black September leaders.

He is seen standing under a distinctive red canopy with a corrugated steel roof. This canopy runs alongside the graves of the Munich-linked men.

Mr Corbyn is clearly pictured holding a wreath and seemingly praying by the distinctive plaque that honours Khalaf, Abdel-Hamid and al-Omari.

Their graves are apart from the 60 or so others in the cemetery and the plaque honouring the victims of the 1985 Israeli air strike. 

The Corbyn source maintained that the service attended by the Labour leader was ‘a Palestinian commemoration for those killed in the bombing in Tunis’, even when presented with the photographs showing him in a different area of the cemetery.

The source insisted that the pictures did not contradict Mr Corbyn’s statements. And the insider said the picture showing Mr Corbyn apparently joining in a prayer was simply of him ‘copying the others out of respect’.

However, Gideon Falter, of the Campaign Against Anti-Semitism, said: ‘A responsible politician would not have gone anywhere near that ceremony, but Mr Corbyn is not a responsible politician.

Given Mr Corbyn’s history of defending, honouring and befriending anti-Semites, including genocidal anti-Semitic terrorists, this latest revelation adds to the deeply disturbing evidence that the leader of the opposition is a longstanding ally of those who wish us great harm.’

Mr Corbyn’s remark comparing the Israelis with Nazis came in video from an event in 2013. It is controversial because the globally-accepted definition of anti-Semitism says it is anti-Semitic to compare the actions of the Israeli government with those of the Nazis.


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Piwnica pod Baranami Beata Czernecka fragmenty recitalu piosenek żydowskich

Piwnica pod Baranami Beata Czernecka fragmenty recitalu piosenek żydowskich

   fva pl



Beata Czernecka — aktorka, wokalistka, artystka Piwnicy pod Baranami. Beata rozpoczęła karierę artystyczną w Krakowie, w którym się urodziła. Cechą charakterystyczną artystki jest niezwykła, mocna, emocjonalna barwa głosu oraz głęboki sceniczny przekaz osobowościowy.
Artystka jest absolwentką Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Teatralnej w Krakowie (mgr sztuki) oraz Średniej Szkoły Muzycznej. Jest także magistrem filozofii, a jej specjalność to pedagogika religijna. Od 1997 roku do dziś, jest artystką kabaretu Piwnica pod Baranami.

 


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