{"id":86590,"date":"2021-06-03T17:05:52","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T15:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/?p=86590"},"modified":"2021-06-03T08:40:56","modified_gmt":"2021-06-03T06:40:56","slug":"11-05-69","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/?p=86590","title":{"rendered":"The New York Times\u2019 \u2018Nazi Correspondent\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>The New York Times\u2019 \u2018Nazi Correspondent\u2019<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

LAUREL LEFF<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

COLLAGE BY TABLET MAGAZINE \/ \u2018New York Times\u2019 coverage from September 1933<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

As Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany and then embarked on his program of world conquest and mass extermination, The New York Times\u2019 Berlin bureau chief was busy slanting the news in his favor.<\/span><\/h4>\n

.<\/p>\n

\n

At the outbreak of the Second World War, The<\/em>\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0bureau chief in Berlin, Guido Enderis, was known to sit in the bar of the city\u2019s famous Adlon Hotel spouting \u201ca loudmouthed defense of Nazism,\u201d eventually provoking another reporter to complain to the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u2019 publisher: \u201cIsn\u2019t it about time that\u00a0The<\/em>\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0did something about its Nazi correspondent?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0had no intention of doing anything about Enderis. In fact, it valued his close connections to the Nazi government, as it had throughout the 1930s. All American newspapers found reporting in Nazi Germany difficult. The government tightly controlled information and harangued and threatened reporters who managed to publish what it didn\u2019t like. The Nazi regime also didn\u2019t hesitate to use its strongest weapons\u2014banning a newspaper from distribution in Germany, kicking a reporter out of the country, or denying a reporter\u2019s reentry. As a putatively \u201cJewish-owned\u201d newspaper,\u00a0The<\/em>\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0considered itself a special target. Bureau chief Enderis\u2019 job therefore was \u201cadministering reasonably soothing syrup\u201d to Nazi officials, as another\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0reporter put it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet, Enderis\u2019 actions weren\u2019t purely strategic and their consequences were grave. Throughout the 1930s, Enderis helped steer\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0coverage to play down Jewish persecution and play up Germany\u2019s peaceful intentions. He kowtowed to Nazi officials, wrote stories presenting solely the Nazi point of view, and reined in\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0reporters whose criticism he thought went too far, shaping the news in favor of a genocidal regime bent on establishing a \u201cThousand Year Reich.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Other\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0reporters, most conspicuously Walter Duranty\u2014who deliberately minimized the Soviet famine that took millions of Ukrainian lives in the 1920s\u2014have become notorious for misreporting the news, once time had passed and archives had opened. Enderis, however, has remained largely under the radar. I wrote about him in my 2005 book,\u00a0Buried by The Times: The Holocaust and America\u2019s Most Important Newspaper<\/em>, but Enderis\u2019 personal perfidy likely got lost in the transgressions of his employer.<\/span><\/p>\n

To be clear, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0had no agenda to bolster Nazism. In fact, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0publisher during most of the Nazi era, detested Hitler and advocated U.S. intervention to stop German aggression. Nor was Enderis a Nazi collaborator\u2014a charge that should be leveled carefully, given that Nazi propaganda services actually enlisted American correspondents.<\/span><\/p>\n

Instead, what crippled the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0coverage of Hitler and the Nazis was a timidity and deference to authority born of being an institution controlled by Jews who desperately wanted to fit into WASP society. Rather than run the slightest risk of being tossed out of Nazi Germany and causing a ruckus over its Jewish ownership, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0let a figure like Enderis\u2014a pitiful ally of some of history\u2019s greatest villains\u2014lead its Berlin bureau during its most consequential decade.<\/span><\/p>\n

Guido Enderis acquired an affinity for Germany at a young age. Born in Chicago in 1874, he moved as a child to Milwaukee, a city with a large German American population. Enderis\u2019 father founded one German-language newspaper there and headed advertising for another. A third German-language paper sent the younger Enderis to Berlin in 1916, after stints as a reporter for two Milwaukee newspapers. The following year, Enderis joined the Associated Press wire service in Berlin, and developed a reputation for his \u201cintimate knowledge of Germany and German personalities.\u201d A decade later,\u00a0The<\/em>\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0hired him for its Berlin bureau, naming him bureau chief in 1930. Enderis was 56, never married, and prone to wearing loud suits and bright red ties.<\/span><\/p>\n

From the beginning, Enderis\u2019 journalistic deficiencies were apparent. Enderis \u201chas a ponderous, wordy style that is often so vague that we have to change his dispatches to let the reader know what he means,\u201d wrote one editor, who also wrangled with his \u201cweird words and dictionary phrases.\u201d Enderis, who fought every alteration in his copy, retorted: \u201cthe improvement volunteered at the other end afford no impressive evidence of superior literary acumen.\u201d Given how impenetrable his published prose remained, Enderis might have had a point. Enderis\u2019 reporting was no better. He was too credulous, whether the result of intention or ineptitude, to be a good journalist.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 1932, Frederick Birchall, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0acting managing editor who had just assumed a new position as chief foreign correspondent, visited Berlin and reported back to the publisher-in-waiting Sulzberger. (Sulzberger\u2019s father-in-law, Adolph Ochs, who was ill, held the publisher title until his death in 1935.) The bureau\u2019s problems lay with its chief, Birchall concluded.<\/span><\/p>\n

But Birchall, who had Sulzberger\u2019s ear, didn\u2019t recommend replacing Enderis. \u201cHe is incidentally an excellent office manager,\u201d Birchall wrote Sulzberger. \u201cNote that the Berlin Office expense including the salary list is down considerably, below a year ago.\u201d Instead, Birchall suggested putting \u201ca younger, more enterprising and picturesque man in just below him.\u201d Which is what the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0did in early 1933, hiring 43-year-old Otto Tolischus, a German-born, American-bred wire service reporter. Birchall would pop in from time to time.<\/span><\/p>\n

Had the news flow been anything like that of a normal foreign capital, this might have been a harmless arrangement. But on Jan. 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and Berlin became the center of the news universe. Hitler quickly disabled the legislature, opened concentration camps, booted Jews from government and university positions, and took over the domestic press along with all other media.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rather than figuring out how best to cover these momentous events, Enderis began plotting how best to get in good with the new regime. The\u00a0Times<\/em>\u2019 World Wide Photo subsidiary, a photo distribution service incorporated in Germany, provided an opportunity. In July 1933, Enderis phoned Birchall to suggest ways \u201cto accord with the general tendency\u201d of the Nazi government. Enderis advised changing the service\u2019s name \u201cto some nice Germanic form,\u201d and firing its manager, Julius Bolgar, who \u201cis of Jewish origin and, moreover, has borne himself in dealing with Nazi protests in a highly independent spirit.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Alarmed, Birchall advised against \u201cyielding to the pressure of these miserable fanatics,\u201d and tried to persuade Enderis \u201cwith such emphasis as the good Lord would give to me.\u201d Enderis insisted his recommendations be passed on to top management. Both Ochs, who was still nominally in charge, and Sulzberger sided with Birchall. Sulzberger shot back: \u201cI\u2019m sorry if this is disturbing to Mr. Enderis, but what in the name of Heaven does he think a jaw is for except to set it firmly when the occasion demands.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u00a0Times<\/em>\u2019 jaw soon proved a bit wobbly. Over the next two years, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0allowed a Nazi shop cell to form in its subsidiary, didn\u2019t stop a swastika flag from being flown on the building that housed the Berlin bureau, permitted its German employees to march in a May Day celebration of Hitler, and fired its Jewish photographers from World Wide Photo. When a scheme to hire \u201cAryan camouflages\u201d to cover for the Jews who continued to toil behind the scenes didn\u2019t work, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0closed World Wide Photo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enderis wasn\u2019t just meddling on the business side. \u201cScarcely an item has gone to\u00a0The<\/em>\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0that he did not inspire, supervise and frequently edit,\u201d Birchall wrote Managing Editor Edwin James in April 1934. Plus, Enderis continued to report and write his own stories, having more bylined articles during the regime\u2019s decisive first year than Tolischus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enderis produced puffy profiles of leading Nazis. Joseph Goebbels, \u201chead of Reich newly created Ministry of Propaganda and Popular Enlightenment,\u201d has \u201cbeen the outstanding go-getter for his party,\u201d Enderis wrote in 1933. A year later, his ardor had not cooled. Goebbels is a \u201cvoluble but versatile master of Nazi ballyhoo\u201d with \u201ca gift of rhetoric,\u201d Enderis wrote about a Goebbels speech exalting Jews\u2019 banishment from the film industry. Enderis wrote lighthearted stories about \u201cbachelors,\u201d including Hitler, pushing \u201cNazis\u2019 campaign for bigger and bigger families,\u201d or about Hitler\u2019s 50th birthday celebration that turned Berlin into \u201call motion, color, and noise.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The biggest failing of Enderis\u2019 early reporting\u2014and Birchall\u2019s, too\u2014was reading into every move a Nazi drive toward moderation. Enderis\u2019 articles assured: \u201cHitler threatening Nazi radicals\u201d; \u201cGovernment accepting counsel from moderate quarter\u201d; \u201cHitler puts curb on zealous Nazis.\u201d At the same time, the biggest failing of Enderis\u2019 reporting throughout the Nazi era was to offer up, without hesitation or qualification, Nazi refutations of criticisms of the regime. When there were \u201ccharges abroad of atrocities in this country,\u201d Enderis reported that \u201cthe government would not tolerate persecution of the Jews and had established no discrimination against them.\u201d Enderis attributed this denial to \u201cCaptain Hermann Wilhelm Goering, Federal Minister without portfolio and commissarial Minister of the Interior in Prussia\u201d\u2014his breathless listing of Nazi titles being another sign of his fealty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enderis wrote again and again of Germany\u2019s peaceful intentions despite its expansion into the Saar and Rhineland regions, annexation of Austria, and takeover of Czechoslovakia. \u201cA peaceful, prosperous Europe was envisaged today by Chancellor Hitler in a speech before the Reichstag,\u201d read the beginning of one such story. Enderis continued: \u201cThe tenor of the speech was self-assertive, yet free of aggressive emphasis, and it ended on a note that left full scope for diplomatic action or mediation. \u2026 If the tone of the speech can be accepted as a gauge, Herr Hitler sincerely desires a peaceful solution of the conflict with Britain and France.\u201d Remarkably, Hitler delivered the speech and Enderis wrote about it five weeks\u00a0after<\/em>\u00a0Germany invaded Poland and ignited World War II. It\u2019s hard to know which took more chutzpah\u2014for Hitler to say it, for Enderis to write it, or for the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0to publish it.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

And then there are the stories that Enderis didn\u2019t want to write, often about what was happening to the Jews. In 1933, Publisher Sulzberger asked for a story about the fate of Jewish scientists. Enderis delayed and delayed and then said it couldn\u2019t be done. Managing Editor James prodded Enderis twice to write about the \u201cJewish reservation\u201d near Lublin, Poland, that was to hold at least 1 million Jews. Enderis apparently didn\u2019t reply, only feeding two paragraphs into a\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0story out of Paris that \u201cit was reliably learned\u201d that Jews from Germany and Austria would not be sent to Poland.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enderis\u2019 reluctance to take on the regime\u2019s evils and his willingness, maybe even eagerness, to believe Nazi denials came together in one telling story. \u201cAs you know we have been trying to get something on Nazi concentration camps without much success,\u201d James wrote Enderis in March 1934. \u201cI sent you a couple of clippings from British newspapers on the subject. I wish very much we could get some material like that.\u201d Replying to James, Enderis pooh-poohed the camps\u2019 significance. He explained that he had interviewed a prisoner in the Oranienburg concentration camp, Werner Hirsch, who made a \u201cnormal impression,\u201d gave no indication of \u201cmaltreatment,\u201d and reported he had gained eight pounds since arriving at the camp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enderis wasn\u2019t the only\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0correspondent covering Germany. Both Tolischus and Birchall had better, if hardly perfect, records in holding the Nazi regime accountable. That was by design. Birchall and Tolischus wrote more negative stories and Enderis assuaged any wounded sensibilities. Enderis was the reason the bureau wasn\u2019t forced to close in 1935, Managing Editor James told Sulzberger. \u201cThis is a left-handed compliment from a news point of view,\u201d James admitted, \u201cbut nevertheless there is something to it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Birchall in particular, who came and went frequently, each time needing the German government to sanction his return, depended upon Enderis. Recognizing that his stories about the 1935 Nuremberg laws that stripped Jews of German citizenship might upset the government, Birchall assured James that Enderis was \u201cadministering reasonably soothing syrup.\u201d When Enderis heard that Birchall might have trouble entering Germany in early 1936, the two devised a plan for Birchall to write \u201csome attractive nonpolitical piece that would be all up [the German government\u2019s] street.\u201d It apparently worked. Birchall was allowed in in time to cover that summer\u2019s Olympic Games in Berlin. \u201cI have frequently been a sore trial to Guido and undoubtedly have been accountable for some of his loss of sleep,\u201d an appreciative Birchall wrote James in April 1934.<\/span><\/p>\n

But Enderis seemed as intent on keeping the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0from printing things that upset the government, as he was on allowing the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0to keep printing. In September 1934, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0published a cartoon depicting Hitler and the tombstones of Nazi leaders murdered in a party putsch the previous June. \u201cAnd the Fuehrer said only death can us part,\u201d the caption read. Considering the cartoon disrespectful to Hitler, incensed German officials wanted to ban sale of the\u00a0Times<\/em>. With the help of the American consulate, Enderis convinced the officials to back down. Enderis then addressed the real affront\u2014publishing the \u201cpoisonous cartoon.\u201d He pointedly reminded James \u201cof the traditional custom which leaves the head of a friendly government immune from lampooning of such a malicious variety.\u201d Whatever the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0editors believed, Enderis wrote, \u201cthe Fuehrer \u2026 in his triple capacity as Head of the State, Chief of the Government and Leader of his party \u2026 is the three-ply IT.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Most news organizations in Berlin had to walk a\u00a0fine line<\/a>\u00a0between reporting harsh realities and maintaining the ability to report at all. Many American correspondents were expelled. Many newspapers were banned temporarily. But it\u2019s clear other Berlin correspondents thought Enderis stepped over the line (Third Reich chronicler William Shirer described Enderis as \u201cminding the Nazis less than most\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n

Once the war started in September 1939, even his\u00a0Times<\/em>\u2019 supervisors grew concerned about Enderis\u2019 sympathies. Ten days after the Germans invaded Poland, Birchall felt obligated to cable James to apply \u201cscrews\u201d to Enderis who was \u201cautomatically expressing\u201d the German position. If he can \u201conly send propaganda they want printed, why pay transmission fee?\u201d Birchall asked. Either the screws weren\u2019t applied or they didn\u2019t work: The\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0published Enderis\u2019 story about Herr Hitler\u2019s sincere desire for peace a month later.<\/span><\/p>\n

An incident involving a story in another newspaper reveals Enderis\u2019 attitude toward reporting on the Hitler regime during wartime. A November 1939\u00a0New York Herald-Tribune<\/em>\u00a0article described how some in the German military, including U-boat crews, were reluctant to wage an all-out war. At a press conference for the foreign press corps, the German spokesman denounced the story and the\u00a0Herald-Tribune<\/em>\u00a0reporter. Enderis defended the spokesman. The story \u201chotly resented here,\u201d Enderis cabled James, \u201cliable have serious repercussions nature censorial restrictions all foreign correspondents who\u2019ve been enjoying exceptional measure toleration accommodation reporting events.\u201d Enderis followed with the news that the\u00a0Herald-Tribune<\/em>\u00a0reporter had been expelled: \u201ceye consider his uboat dispatch inexcusable blunder,\u201d he wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n

As Birchall\u2019s British citizenship prevented him from functioning as a roving European correspondent once the war between Germany and Great Britain began, Enderis\u2019 role in the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u2019 bureau grew the more aggressive Hitler became and the closer America came to war. In March 1940, the German government informed Tolischus that his permit to remain in the country would not be renewed. That left Enderis and two recently hired, relatively inexperienced reporters in the Berlin bureau as Germany conquered most of Western Europe and began shipping Jews in the Reich and conquered countries to ghettos in Poland.<\/span><\/p>\n

For the better part of a decade, Enderis\u2019 appeasement of the Nazi government had been the subject of grumbling within the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0and among the Berlin press corps. In September 1940, it threatened to blow up into a full-scale scandal. While monitoring Nazi radio reports for the BBC, Warren Irvin, a former\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0city desk reporter and part-time Geneva correspondent, noticed something unsettling\u2014Nazi radio quoted\u00a0The<\/em>\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0a lot. When Irvin checked, he discovered Guido Enderis\u2019 byline on many of those stories. Irvin wrote\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0publisher Sulzberger, imploring the newspaper to do something about \u201cits Nazi correspondent.\u201d If Sulzberger didn\u2019t, Irvin warned, he would. \u201cI don\u2019t want to do anything to hurt my own paper, but I feel that loyalty to my country comes first, and if some action is not taken I shall feel compelled to publish these facts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Sulzberger brought the problem to James. \u201cIt is entirely understandable that, living for so long in the midst of the Germans, he has absorbed a certain amount of the German point of view,\u201d James wrote. \u201cIt would be remarkable were it otherwise. There is no ignorance in the office here concerning this circumstance; it is fully realized.\u201d But James added: \u201cMr. Enderis has been of signal service in keeping our bureau there going. Time after time he was able to smooth out difficulties into which some of our correspondents got.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

As for Irvin\u2019s letter, James wasn\u2019t sure what had provoked it. He noted that Irvin and Enderis had gotten into a fight when Irvin was in Berlin. James pleaded ignorance of the \u201cmerits except that Irvin drinks more than Enderis, who drinks very little.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Still, James admitted there was something to Irvin\u2019s concern. \u201cI realize that the inferences are all against Enderis,\u201d he wrote, \u201cbut I realize that if you fire him, or withdraw him from Berlin, that will close our Berlin Bureau.\u201d James\u2019 solution: keep Enderis on but have him write very little. \u201cThe less we had from him the better.\u201d James also recommended threatening Irvin with a libel suit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sulzberger took the advice, warning Irvin that if he published \u201cwhat you call `facts\u2019\u201d Sulzberger would sue for defamation and \u201cgive the reasons\u201d why Enderis is a \u201cuseful and valued member of the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0staff.\u201d Irvin wrote back: \u201cwhat I call facts\u00a0are\u00a0<\/em>facts. \u2026 Enderis has made no secret of his pro-Nazi sympathies.\u201d Irvin added: \u201cI don\u2019t question the usefulness and value of Mr. Enderis to\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>. I DO question the right of the greatest American newspaper to maintain a pro-Nazi as its Chief Correspondent in Berlin in times like these.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

James carried through on allowing Enderis to write fewer stories. Before Irvin\u2019s letter, James had complained that Enderis wasn\u2019t producing enough, to which the bureau chief responded that he was swamped with \u201cadministrative details\u201d and \u201ccoaching junior staffers.\u201d After Irvin\u2019s letter, James bragged about Enderis\u2019 lack of productivity. In August, September, and October 1940, Enderis produced only 224 words, 1,440 words, and 338 words respectively, James practically crowed. During the same period, the other two Berlin reporters each published more than 50,000 words.<\/span><\/p>\n

The absence of two experienced reporters and the silence of one hurt the Berlin bureau. The\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0resorted to relying heavily upon the wire services. Of the 38\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0stories about the Jews that originated in Berlin in 1940 and 1941, 25 were from the Associated Press and United Press. This occasionally bothered James. In mid-November 1941, Propaganda Minister Goebbels laid out a 10-point charter for the Nazi campaign against the Jews, which the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0reported on page 11 from a UP account. James chided Enderis in a cable: \u201cUpee twentyfour hours ahead you on Jewish story.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The story reported Goebbels\u2019 terrifying prediction. \u201cIn this historical showdown every Jew is our enemy, regardless of whether he is vegetating in a Polish ghetto or delays his parasitic existence in Berlin or Hamburg, or blows the war trumpets in New York and Washington,\u201d the story quoted Goebbels. \u201cThe current developments are fulfilling Adolf Hitler\u2019s prophecy on Jan. 30, 1939, that the Jews in Europe would be exterminated if international finance succeeds in hurling the nations into a world war.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The New York Times<\/em>\u00a0Berlin bureau was not there to cover the fulfillment of Hitler\u2019s prophecy. The next month, Germany declared war on the United States and rounded up all American correspondents in Berlin\u2014with one exception.\u00a0The New York Times\u00a0<\/em>reported in a brief item that Guido Enderis was the only American journalist not arrested and detained in Bad Nauheim, a town six hours from Berlin. Three days later, the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0published another short story, seeming to \u2018correct\u2019 its previous story. \u201cGuido Enderis of\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>, who is ill with bronchial trouble, has been allowed to remain under doctor\u2019s treatment at his hotel, the Adlon.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Enderis ended up joining the\u00a0Times<\/em>\u2019 enlarged bureau in Berne, Switzerland, where he suffered a slight stroke and rarely came into the office. The only time Enderis\u2019 name appeared in\u00a0The New York Times\u00a0<\/em>in all 1942 was when the American legation\u2019s secretary threw him a birthday party. Enderis picked up his pace in 1943, publishing 11 bylined stories, most based on articles in the German press that reflected the nation\u2019s \u201cgloom\u201d as victory slipped away. At the end of the war, James worried about Enderis\u2019 sympathies as he had at the beginning. \u201cDisappointed and concerned tone your Goebbels story yesternight,\u201d James cabled Enderis in October 1944 about an article suggesting Germany would be able to hold off an Allied advance.<\/span><\/p>\n

The European war ended May 8, 1945. Enderis suffered a more serious stroke that year that left him paralyzed and unable to speak. He returned to Milwaukee, to which he had made only seven visits in the previous 30 years. When he died the following year, the\u00a0Milwaukee Journal<\/em>\u00a0carried a front-page obituary. Guido Enderis \u201clived for his profession,\u201d the obit declared, quoting his sister \u201cMiss Dorothy C. Enderis.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The New York Times<\/em>, his professional home for 17 years, however, did not author its own obituary acknowledging the death of its Berlin bureau chief. It made do with a syndicated wire piece.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Laurel Leff<\/strong> is a Professor of Journalism at Northeastern University and the associate director of Northeastern\u2019s Jewish Studies Program in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities. She is the author of Well Worth Saving: American Universities\u2019 Life-and-Death Decisions on Refugees from Nazi Europe (Yale University Press, 2019) and Buried by The Times: The Holocaust and America\u2019s Most Important Newspaper (Cambridge University Press, 2005).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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The New York Times\u2019 \u2018Nazi Correspondent\u2019 LAUREL LEFF COLLAGE BY TABLET MAGAZINE \/ \u2018New York Times\u2019 coverage from September 1933 As Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany and then embarked on his program of world conquest and mass extermination, The New York Times\u2019 Berlin bureau chief was busy slanting the news in his favor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[26,24],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86590"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=86590"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86604,"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86590\/revisions\/86604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=86590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=86590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reunion68.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=86590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}