Biblical manuscripts dating back 2,000 years discovered in Israel

ROSSELLA TERCATIN

2,000-year-old biblical manuscripts discovered in Judean Desert cave in Israel • First discovery of this kind since Dead Sea Scrolls.

Sections of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets scroll discovered in the Judean Desert expedition prior to their conservation. / (photo credit: SHAI HALEVI / ISRAEL ANTIQUITIES AUTHORITY)

A 2,000 year old biblical scroll was unearthed in the Judean desert, the Israel Antiquities Authority announced Tuesday. The groundbreaking discovery marks the first time that such an artifact is uncovered in decades, since the time of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

The fragments were found in a cave in the Judean Desert, as a result of a several-year-long operation with the purpose of surveying all the caves of the area carried out by the IAA in cooperation with Staff Officer of the Archaeology Department of the Civil Administration in Judea and Samaria, and funded by the Ministry of Jerusalem Affairs and Heritage.

The excavation of the caves was conducted in difficult conditions Photo: Yoli Schwartz, Israel Antiquities Authority

“These are the things you are to do: Speak the truth to one another, render true and perfect justice in your gates. And do not contrive evil against one another, and do not love perjury, because all those are things that I hate—declares the Lord,” one of the fragments reads, featuring an excerpt of the biblical book of Zecharia.

The scroll was written in Greek, but God’s name appears in paleo-Hebrew. It contains passages from the Minor Prophets, including Nahum.

“The aim of this national initiative is to rescue these rare and important heritage assets from the robbers’ clutches,” IAA director Israel Hasson said in a press release. “The newly discovered scroll fragments are a wakeup call to the state. Resources must be allocated for the completion of this historically important operation. We must ensure that we recover all the data that has not yet been discovered in the caves, before the robbers do. Some things are beyond value.”

The cave, known as “the Cave of Horror” in the Judean Desert reserve’s Nahal Hever, stands some 80 meters below the cliff top and can be accessed only by clinging to ropes.

of Horror. Photo: Eitan Klein, Israel Antiquities Authority

First discovery of this kind since the Dead Sea Scrolls

“This is definitely an exciting moment, as we present and reveal to the public an important and significant piece in the history and culture of the Land of Israel,” Hananya Hizmi, Head Staff Officer of the Archaeology Department of the Civil Administration in Judea and Samaria. “In as early as the late 1940s, we became aware of the cultural heritage remains of the ancient population of the Land of Israel with the first discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Now, in this national operation, which continues the work of previous projects, new finds and evidence have been discovered and unearthed that shed even more light on the different periods and cultures of the region. The finds attest to a rich, diverse and complex way of life, as well as to the harsh climatic conditions that prevailed in the region hundreds and thousands of years ago.”

Israeli researchers say spirulina algae could reduce COVID mortality rate

MAAYAN JAFFE-HOFFMAN

The algae has been shown to reduce inflammation.

VAXA facilities in Iceland, where the algae are cultivated in order to change their metabolomic profile and bioactive molecules. / (photo credit: ASAF TZACHOR)

A team of scientists from Israel and Iceland have published research showing that an extract of spirulina algae has the potential to reduce the chances of COVID-19 patients developing a serious case of the disease.

The research, published in the peer-reviewed journal Marine Biotechnology, found that an extract of photosynthetically manipulated Spirulina is 70% effective in inhibiting the release of the cytokine TNF-a, a small signaling protein used by the immune system.

The research was conducted in a MIGAL laboratory in northern Israel with algae grown and cultivated by the Israeli company VAXA, which is located in Iceland. VAXA received funding from the European Union to explore and develop natural treatments for coronavirus.

Iceland’s MATIS Research Institute also participated in the study.
In a small percentage of patients, infection with the coronavirus causes the immune system to release an excessive number of TNF-a cytokines, resulting in what is known as a cytokine storm. The storm causes acute respiratory distress syndrome and damage to other organs, the leading cause of death in COVID-19 patients.

“If you control or are able to mitigate the excessive release of TNF-a, you can eventually reduce mortality,” said Asaf Tzachor, a researcher from the IDC Herzliya School of Sustainability and the lead author of the study.
During cultivation, growth conditions were adjusted to control the algae’s metabolomic profile and bioactive molecules. The result is what Tzachor refers to as “enhanced” algae.

Spirulina (Wikimedia Commons)

Tzachor said that despite the special growth mechanism, the algae are a completely natural substance and should not produce any side effects. Spirulina is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a dietary substance. It is administrated orally in liquid drops.

“This is natural, so it is unlikely that we would see an adverse or harmful response in patients as you sometimes see in patients that are treated with chemical or synthetic drugs,” he said.

The algae have been shown to reduce inflammation. Tzachor said that if proven effective, spirulina could also be used against other coronaviruses and influenza.

The flu also induces a cytokine storm.

“If we succeed in the next steps,” said Dr. Dorit Avni, director of the laboratory at MIGAL, “there is a range of diseases that can be treated using this innovative solution – as a preventative treatment or a supportive treatment.”

Moreover, because it is a treatment against the effect of the virus on the body, its impact should not be affected by virus mutations.

“In this study, it was exciting to discover such activity in algae that was grown under controlled conditions, using sustainable aquaculture methods,” said MATIS’s Dr. Sophie Jensen. “Although active ingredients have not yet been identified with absolute certainty, the extract opens a space for clinical trials that offer a variety of anti-inflammatory treatments, for COVID-19 and beyond.”

Tzachor said that the team now hopes to run human clinical trials.
“If clinical trials confirm the efficacy of our suggested therapy at the rates reported, the substance can become available to the general population,” he said.

“We hope this research would urge the communities of regulators and investors and pharma companies to invest more resources and give more attention to natural-based therapies. The potential is unbelievable.”

Netanyahu as president supported by Knesset majority – Likud source

GIL HOFFMAN

PM’s departure could allow new Likud leader to build stable 73-MK coalition.

PRIME MINISTER Benjamin Netanyahu speaks after casting his vote in Jerusalem during the Knesset elections last week. / (photo credit: MARC ISRAEL SELLEM/THE JERUSALEM POST)

A majority of the MKs who will be sworn in to the Knesset on Tuesday would vote for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to be Israel’s next president, a senior Likud source close to Netanyahu told The Jerusalem Post on Sunday.
By law, elections for president must be held between April 9 and June 9, before President Reuven Rivlin’s seven-year term finishes on July 9. The politician closest to Netanyahu, Knesset Speaker Yariv Levin, will set the date for the vote in the Knesset, which must be held at least three weeks after the date is announced.

“I know for a fact that most of the MKs would vote for him, if he decides he wants to be president,” the senior Likud source said. “It’s all in Netanyahu’s hands.”

The source revealed that there is also a majority in the new Knesset to change the law and switch the vote from a secret ballot to open, which could significantly increase the chances of Netanyahu’s election.

It would also help Netanyahu’s election chances that leaving the Prime Minister’s Residence on Balfour Street for the President’s Residence three blocks away could help end the two and a half year political stalemate.
If Netanyahu is no longer leader of Likud, the party would hold a snap primary among Likud members and whoever wins could easily form a stable, right-wing coalition comprised of the 73 MKs of Likud, Shas, Blue and White, United Torah Judaism, Yamina, New Hope and the Religious Zionist Party.

New Hope leader Gideon Sa’ar has vowed to never sit under Netanyahu but said last week that he would join a government led by a new Likud leader, singling out Finance Minister Israel Katz, Health Minister Yuli Edelstein and MK Nir Barkat, who would all be candidates for Likud leader in the post-Netanyahu era.

One complication that could prevent Netanyahu from running is that it is legally unclear whether the law that prevents a president from prosecution would apply to a new president who is already under indictment and on trial for bribery, fraud and breach of trust.

A spokesman for Netanyahu said he could not confirm a Channel 12 report that Netanyahu had checked the law with legal experts or a separate report by the same channel that Netanyahu is no longer ruling out a run for president, as he did before.

Walla News, which is part of The Jerusalem Post Group, was the first to report that Netanyahu is considering seeking the presidency.
Another technical possibility is that Levin could refuse to initiate the race for president. When Rivlin’s term ends, it would be up to Attorney-General Avichai Mandelblit to determine whether Levin would then become acting president.

When Knesset Speaker Dalia Itzik served as acting president after President Moshe Katsav suspended himself to deal with rape charges, Itzik pardoned hundreds of people, including former MK Nomi Blumenthal.

Blumenthal had been convicted of election bribery and obstruction of justice for paying for hotel rooms for Likud central committee members before elections for the party’s Knesset slate and then trying to cover it up.

Levin could pardon Netanyahu if a plea agreement takes place before in which Netanyahu is convicted on criminal charges.

If Netanyahu would be elected president, he would join Shimon Peres as the only men who have served as both prime minister and president.

Other candidates are expected to include former Labor Party ministers Isaac Herzog, Amir Peretz and Shimon Sheetrit, Likud MK Yehudah Glick and perhaps Israel Prize winning educator Miriam Peretz and singer Yehoram Gaon.

News from Israel- Apr. 04, 2021

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